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The cyclic nucleotide gated channel (CNGC) is suggested to be one of the important calcium conducting channels. Nevertheless, genome-wide identification and systemic functional analysis of  CNGC  gene family in crop plant species have not yet been conducted. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification of  CNGC  gene family in the economically important crop tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum  L.) and analyzed function of the group IVb  SlCNGC  genes in disease resistance. Eighteen  CNGC  genes were identified in tomato genome, and four  CNGC  loci that were misannotated at database were corrected by cloning and sequencing. Detailed bioinformatics analyses on gene structure, domain composition and phylogenetic relationship of the  SlCNGC  gene family were conducted and the group-specific feature was revealed. Comprehensive expression analyses demonstrated that  SlCNGC  genes were highly, widely but differently responsive to diverse stimuli. Pharmacological assays showed that the putative CNGC activators cGMP and cAMP enhanced resistance against  Sclerotinia sclerotiorum . Silencing of group IVb  SlCNGC  genes significantly enhanced resistance to fungal pathogens  Pythium aphanidermatum  and  S. sclerotiorum , strongly reduced resistance to viral pathogen  Tobacco rattle virus , while attenuated PAMP- and DAMP-triggered immunity as shown by obvious decrease of the flg22- and AtPep1-elicited hydrogen peroxide accumulation in  SlCNGC -silenced plants. Additionally, silencing of these  SlCNGC  genes significantly altered expression of a set of Ca 2+  signaling genes including  SlCaMs ,  SlCDPKs,  and  SlCAMTA3 . Collectively, our results reveal that group IV  SlCNGC  genes regulate a wide range of resistance in tomato probably by affecting Ca 2+  signaling.

Cyclic nucleotide gated channel gene family in tomato: genome-wide identification and functional analyses in disease resistance