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A greenhouse pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of arsenic phytoextraction by the fern  Pteris vittata  growing in arsenic-contaminated soil, with or without the addition of selected rhizobacteria isolated from the polluted site. The bacterial strains were selected for arsenic resistance, the ability to reduce arsenate to arsenite, and the ability to promote plant growth.  P. vittata  plants were cultivated for 4 months in a contaminated substrate consisting of arsenopyrite cinders and mature compost. Four different experimental conditions were tested: (i) non-inoculated plants; (ii) plants inoculated with the siderophore-producing and arsenate-reducing bacteria  Pseudomonas  sp. P1III2 and  Delftia  sp. P2III5 (A); (iii) plants inoculated with the siderophore and indoleacetic acid-producing bacteria  Bacillus  sp. MPV12,  Variovorax  sp. P4III4, and  Pseudoxanthomonas  sp. P4V6 (B), and (iv) plants inoculated with all five bacterial strains (AB). The presence of growth-promoting rhizobacteria increased plant biomass by up to 45% and increased As removal efficiency from 13% without bacteria to 35% in the presence of the mixed inoculum. Molecular analysis confirmed the persistence of the introduced bacterial strains in the soil and resulted in a significant impact on the structure of the bacterial community.

frontiers in plant science

Promotion of arsenic phytoextraction efficiency in the fern Pteris vittata by the inoculation of As-resistant bacteria: a soil bioremediation perspective