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Methylthioalkylmalate synthases (MAMs) encoded by  MAM  genes are central to the diversification of the glucosinolates, which are important secondary metabolites in Brassicaceae species. However, the evolutionary pathway of  MAM  genes is poorly understood. We analyzed the phylogenetic and synteny relationships of  MAM  genes from 13 sequenced Brassicaceae species. Based on these analyses, we propose that the syntenic loci of  MAM  genes, which underwent frequent tandem duplications, divided into two independent lineage-specific evolution routes and were driven by positive selection after the divergence from  Aethionema arabicum . In the lineage I species  Capsella rubella ,  Camelina sativa ,  Arabidopsis lyrata , and  A. thaliana , the  MAM  loci evolved three tandem genes encoding enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates with different carbon chain-lengths. In lineage II species, the  MAM  loci encode enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of short-chain aliphatic glucosinolates. Our proposed model of the evolutionary pathway of  MAM  genes will be useful for understanding the specific function of these genes in Brassicaceae species.

Lineage-specific evolution of Methylthioalkylmalate synthases (MAMs) involved in glucosinolates biosynthesis