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Selenium (Se) hyperaccumulation, the capacity of some species to concentrate Se to levels upwards of 0.1% of dry weight, is an intriguing phenomenon that is only partially understood. Questions that remain to be answered are: do hyperaccumulators have one or more Se-specific transporters? How are these regulated by Se and sulfur (S)? In this study, hyperaccumulator  Stanleya pinnata  was compared with related non-hyperaccumulator  Brassica juncea  with respect to S-dependent selenate uptake and translocation, as well as for the expression levels of three sulfate/selenate transporters ( Sultr ) and three ATP sulphurylases ( APS ). Selenium accumulation went down ~10-fold with increasing sulfate supply in  B. juncea , while  S. pinnata  only had a 2–3-fold difference in Se uptake between the highest (5 mM) and lowest sulfate (0 mM) treatments. The Se/S ratio was generally higher in the hyperaccumulator than the non-hyperaccumulator, and while tissue Se/S ratio in  B. juncea  largely reflected the ratio in the growth medium,  S. pinnata  enriched itself up to 5-fold with Se relative to S. The transcript levels of  Sultr1;2  and  2;1  and  APS1, 2, and 4  were generally much higher in  S. pinnata  than  B. juncea , and the species showed differential transcript responses to S and Se supply. These results indicate that  S. pinnata  has at least one transporter with significant selenate specificity over sulfate. Also, the hyperaccumulator has elevated expression levels of several sulfate/selenate transporters and APS enzymes, which likely contribute to the Se hyperaccumulation and hypertolerance phenotype.

frontiers in plant science

Exploring the importance of sulfate transporters and ATP sulphurylases for selenium hyperaccumulationâ€”a comparison of Stanleya pinnata and Brassica juncea (Brassicaceae)