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Growth hormone auxin regulates various cellular processes by altering the expression of diverse genes in plants. Among various auxin-responsive genes,  GH3  genes maintain endogenous auxin homeostasis by conjugating excess of auxin with amino acids.  GH3  genes have been characterized in many plant species, but not in legumes. In the present work, we identified members of GH3 gene family and analyzed their chromosomal distribution, gene structure, gene duplication and phylogenetic analysis in different legumes, including chickpea, soybean,  Medicago , and  Lotus . A comprehensive expression analysis in different vegetative and reproductive tissues/stages revealed that many of  GH3  genes were expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Notably, chickpea  CaGH3-3 , soybean  GmGH3-8  and  -25 , and  Lotus LjGH3-4 ,  -5 ,  -9  and  -18  genes were up-regulated in root, indicating their putative role in root development. In addition, chickpea  CaGH3-1  and  -7 , and  Medicago MtGH3-7 ,  -8 , and  -9  were found to be highly induced under drought and/or salt stresses, suggesting their role in abiotic stress responses. We also observed the examples of differential expression pattern of duplicated  GH3  genes in soybean, indicating their functional diversification. Furthermore, analyses of three-dimensional structures, active site residues and ligand preferences provided molecular insights into function of  GH3  genes in legumes. The analysis presented here would help in investigation of precise function of  GH3  genes in legumes during development and stress conditions.

Genome-wide analysis and expression profiling suggest diverse roles of GH3 genes during development and abiotic stress responses in legumes