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The four  NGATHA  genes ( NGA)  form a small subfamily within the large family of B3-domain transcription factors of  Arabidopsis thaliana .  NGA  genes act redundantly to direct the development of the apical tissues of the gynoecium, the style, and the stigma. Previous studies indicate that  NGA  genes could exert this function at least partially by directing the synthesis of auxin at the distal end of the developing gynoecium through the upregulation of two different  YUCCA  genes, which encode flavin monooxygenases involved in auxin biosynthesis. We have compared three developing pistil transcriptome data sets from wildtype,  nga  quadruple mutants, and a  35S::NGA3 line . The differentially expressed genes showed a significant enrichment for auxin-related genes, supporting the idea of  NGA  genes as major regulators of auxin accumulation and distribution within the developing gynoecium. We have introduced reporter lines for several of these differentially expressed genes involved in synthesis, transport and response to auxin in  NGA  gain- and loss-of-function backgrounds. We present here a detailed map of the response of these reporters to  NGA  misregulation that could help to clarify the role of  NGA  in auxin-mediated gynoecium morphogenesis. Our data point to a very reduced auxin synthesis in the developing apical gynoecium of  nga  mutants, likely responsible for the lack of  DR5rev::GFP  reporter activity observed in these mutants. In addition, NGA altered activity affects the expression of protein kinases that regulate the cellular localization of auxin efflux regulators, and thus likely impact auxin transport. Finally, protein accumulation in pistils of several ARFs was differentially affected by  nga  mutations or  NGA  overexpression, suggesting that these accumulation patterns depend not only on auxin distribution but could be also regulated by transcriptional networks involving NGA factors.

The effect of NGATHA altered activity on auxin signaling pathways within the Arabidopsis gynoecium