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In the course of a project aimed to isolate transfer cells-specific genes in maize endosperm we have identified the  BETL9  gene.  BETL9  encodes for a small protein very similar in sequence to the product of the barley transfer cell-specific gene  END-1 . Both BETL9 and END-1 proteins are lipid transfer proteins, but their function is currently unknown.  In situ  hybridization analysis confirms that the  BETL9  gene is exclusively transcribed in the basal endosperm transfer cell layer during seed development since 10 days after pollination. However, immunolocalization data indicates that the BETL9 protein accumulates in the maternal placento-chalaza cells located just beside the transfer cell layer. This suggests that the BETL9 protein should be transported to the maternal side to exert its, still unknown, function. In addition, we have identified a second maize gene very similar in sequence to  BETL9  and we have named it  BETL9like .  In situ  hybridization shows that  BETL9like  is also specifically transcribed in the developing maize endosperm within the same time frame that  BETL9 , but in this case it is exclusively expressed in the aleurone cell layer. Consequently, the  BETL9  and  BETL9like  genes are transcribed in a non-overlapping pattern on the outer surface of the maize endosperm. The  BETL9  and  BETL9like  promoter sequences, fused to the GUS reporter gene, accurately reflected the expression pattern observed for the genes in maize. Finally, we have identified in the  Arabidopsis  genome a set of four genes orthologous to  BETL9  and  BETL9like  and analyzed the activity of their promoters in  Arabidopsis  transgenic plants carrying fusions of their promoter sequences to the GUS reporter. As in the case of the maize genes, the  Arabidopsis  orthologs showed highly complementary expression patterns.

Two maize END-1 orthologs, BETL9 and BETL9like, are transcribed in a non-overlapping spatial pattern on the outer surface of the developing endosperm