English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The fascicular (bundle) phloem (FP) distributes assimilates from photosynthetic active source leaves to sinks such as young leaves, meristems and roots. It is also involved in long-distance signaling and defence responses (Van Bel and Gaupels, 2004; Walz et al., 2004; Lough and Lucas, 2006). In the past, cucurbits were frequently used as model plants for phloem biochemistry because large quantities of phloem exudates can be easily sampled from incisions into petioles and stems. Analysing pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) exudates more than 1100 phloem proteins and about 100 metabolites could be identified providing some insight into phloem functions (Fiehn, 2003; Lin et al., 2009).  However, recent publications convincingly demonstrated that cucurbit exudates do not represent pure FP sap but rather originate mainly from the extrafascicular phloem (EFP) blended with xylem fluid (Zhang et al., 2010, 2012; Gaupels et al., 2012; Zimmermann et al., 2013). The EFP is a network of sieve tubes outside of the vascular bundles found only in Cucurbitaceae. Due to this unique characteristic, knowledge obtained from analyses of EFP exudates must be carefully verified to apply also for the FP of other plants (Turgeon and Oparka, 2010).  These findings settled a long-standing debate on the origin and purity of cucurbit phloem exudates, but one important question is still not resolved: what is actually the main function of EFP and EFP-derived exudates in cucurbits? We will discuss here the hypothesis that the EFP functions in herbivore and pathogen defence similar to laticifers in other plant species. Consequently, for better differentiation from FP sap and owing to the latex-like properties EFP exudates will be termed phloem latex hereafter.

The extrafascicular phloem is made for fighting