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Common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) and black gram ( Vigna mungo ) accumulate γ-Glutamyl- S -methylcysteine and γ-Glutamyl-methionine in seed, respectively. Transcripts were profiled by 454 pyrosequencing data at a similar developmental stage coinciding with the beginning of the accumulation of these metabolites. Expressed sequence tags were assembled into Unigenes, which were assigned to specific genes in the early release chromosomal assembly of the  P. vulgaris  genome. Genes involved in multiple sulfur metabolic processes were expressed in both species. Expression of  Sultr3  members was predominant in  P. vulgaris , whereas expression of  Sultr5  members predominated in  V. mungo . Expression of the cytosolic SERAT1;1 and -1;2 was approximately fourfold higher in  P. vulgaris  while expression of the plastidic SERAT2;1 was twofold higher in  V. mungo . Among  BSAS  family members,  BSAS4;1 , encoding a cytosolic cysteine desulfhydrase, and  BSAS1;1 , encoding a cytosolic  O -acetylserine sulphydrylase were most highly expressed in both species. This was followed by  BSAS3;1  encoding a plastidic β-cyanoalanine synthase which was more highly expressed by 10-fold in  P. vulgaris . The data identify BSAS3;1 as a candidate enzyme for the biosynthesis of  S -methylcysteine through the use of methanethiol as substrate instead of cyanide. Expression of  GLC1  would provide a complete sequence leading to the biosynthesis of γ-Glutamyl- S -methylcysteine in plastids. The detection of  S -methylhomoglutathione in  P. vulgaris  suggested that homoglutathione synthetase may accept, to some extent, γ-Glutamyl- S -methylcysteine as substrate, which might lead to the formation of  S -methylated phytochelatins. In conclusion, 454 sequencing was effective at revealing differences in the expression of sulfur metabolic genes, providing information on candidate genes for the biosynthesis of distinct sulfur amino acid γ-Glutamyl dipeptides between  P. vulgaris  and  V. mungo .

frontiers in plant science

Transcriptome Profiling Identifies Candidate Genes Associated with the Accumulation of Distinct Sulfur γ-Glutamyl Dipeptides in Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna mungo Seeds