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Glycolate oxidase (GO) catalyses the oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate, thereby consuming O 2  and producing H 2 O 2 . In this work,  Arabidopsis thaliana  plants expressing GO in the chloroplasts (GO plants) were used to assess the expressional behavior of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive genes and transcription factors (TFs) after metabolic induction of H 2 O 2  formation in chloroplasts. In this organelle, GO uses the glycolate derived from the oxygenase activity of RubisCO. Here, to identify genes responding to an abrupt production of H 2 O 2  in chloroplasts we used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to test the expression of 187 ROS-responsive genes and 1880 TFs after transferring GO and wild-type (WT) plants grown at high CO 2  levels to ambient CO 2  concentration. Our data revealed coordinated expression changes of genes of specific functional networks 0.5 h after metabolic induction of H 2 O 2  production in GO plants, including the induction of indole glucosinolate and camalexin biosynthesis genes. Comparative analysis using available microarray data suggests that signals for the induction of these genes through H 2 O 2  may originate in the chloroplast. The TF profiling indicated an up-regulation in GO plants of a group of genes involved in the regulation of proanthocyanidin and anthocyanin biosynthesis. Moreover, the upregulation of expression of TF and TF-interacting proteins affecting development (e.g., cell division, stem branching, flowering time, flower development) would impact growth and reproductive capacity, resulting in altered development under conditions that promote the formation of H 2 O 2 .

Expression of ROS-responsive genes and transcription factors after metabolic formation of H2O2 in chloroplasts