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MAP3Kε1  and  MAP3Kε2  are a pair of  Arabidopsis thaliana  genes that encode protein kinases related to cdc7p from  Saccharomyces cerevisiae . We have previously shown that the  map3kε1;map3kε2  double-mutant combination causes pollen lethality. In this study, we have used an ethanol-inducible promoter construct to rescue this lethal phenotype and create  map3kε1  -/- ; map3kε2  -/-  double-mutant plants in order to examine the function of these genes in the sporophyte. These rescued double-mutant plants carry a yellow fluorescent protein ( YFP ) -MAP3Kε1  transgene under the control of the alcohol-inducible  AlcA  promoter from  Aspergillus nidulans . The double-mutant plants were significantly smaller and had shorter roots than wild-type when grown in the absence of ethanol treatment. Microscopic analysis indicated that cell elongation was reduced in the roots of the double-mutant plants and cell expansion was reduced in rosette leaves. Treatment with ethanol to induce expression of  YFP-MAP3Kε1  largely rescued the leaf phenotypes. The double-mutant combination also caused embryos to arrest in the early stages of development. Through the use of YFP reporter constructs we determined that  MAP3Kε1  and  MAP3Kε2  are expressed during embryo development, and also in root tissue. Our results indicate that  MAP3Kε1  and  MAP3Kε2  have roles outside of pollen development and that these genes affect several aspects of sporophyte development.

Genetic analysis of the Arabidopsis protein kinases MAP3Kε1 and MAP3Kε2 indicates roles in cell expansion and embryo development