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Background  Acute pancreatitis (AP) damages the intestinal barrier, which aggravates AP. Butyrate exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in AP, but it is unknown if such a protective effect is associated with the regulation of gut microorganisms. We aim to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on pancreatic inflammation, colonic barrier, and gut microorganisms.    Methods  C57BL/6 mice were divided into groups of sham operation (Sham), AP, 200 mg/kg SB intervention (SB-200), and 500 mg/kg SB intervention group (SB-500). Samples were harvested 24 h after the model was established. The gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.    Results  Pancreatic infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, and M2-type macrophages was significantly reduced in the SB-500 intervention group. Supplementation of SB-500 improved colon mucosal histology and the expression of ZO-1 and occluding. The relative abundance of  Alloprevotella  and  Muribaculaceae  was increased and that of  Akkermansia  was decreased in the SB-500 group compared with the AP group.  Ruminococcaceae  was the most significantly increased species and  Prevotellaceae  was the most significantly decreased species in the SB-500 group compared with the AP group.    Conclusion  High dose of SB inhibits pancreatic inflammation probably by maintaining the intestinal barrier and regulating gut microbiota in mice with AP.

Sodium Butyrate Attenuates Taurocholate-Induced Acute Pancreatitis by Maintaining Colonic Barrier and Regulating Gut Microorganisms in Mice