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Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are fundamental signal transduction modules in all eukaryotic organisms, participating growth and development, as well as stress response. In the present study, three MAPK genes were successfully identified from the genome of  Chlamys farreri , respectively, named  CfERK1/2 ,  CfJNK , and  Cfp38 , and only one copy of  ERK ,  JNK , and  p38  were detected. Domain analysis indicated that  CfMAPK s possessed the typical domains, including S_TKc, Pkinase, and PKc_like domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that three  CfMAPK s of MAPK subfamilies exists in the common ancestor of vertebrates and invertebrates. All  CfMAPK s specifically expressed during larval development and in adult tissues, and the expression level of  CfERK1/2  and  Cfp38  was apparently higher than that of  CfJNK . Under heat stress, the expression of  CfERK1/2  and  Cfp38  were significantly downregulated and then upregulated in four tissues, while the expression of  CfJNK  increased in all tissues; these different expression patterns suggested a different molecular mechanism of  CfMAPKs  for bivalves to adapt to temperature changes. The diversity of  CfMAPKs  and their specific expression patterns provide valuable information for better understanding of the functions of MAPK cascades in bivalves.

Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis Reveal Diverse Regulated Roles of Three MAPK Genes in Chlamys farreri Under Heat Stress