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Background  Respiratory muscle unloading through proportional assist ventilation (PAV) may enhance leg oxygen delivery, thereby speeding off-exercise oxygen uptake (V  .   ⁢   O  2) kinetics in patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF).    Methods  Ten male patients (HFrEF = 26 ± 9%, age 50 ± 13 years, and body mass index 25 ± 3 kg m 2 ) underwent two constant work rate tests at 80% peak of maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test to tolerance under PAV and sham ventilation. Post-exercise kinetics ofV  .   ⁢   O  2, vastus lateralis deoxyhemoglobin ([deoxy-Hb + Mb]) by near-infrared spectroscopy, and cardiac output (Q  T  ) by impedance cardiography were assessed.    Results  PAV prolonged exercise tolerance compared with sham (587 ± 390 s vs. 444 ± 296 s, respectively;  p  = 0.01). PAV significantly acceleratedV  .   ⁢   O  2recovery ( τ  = 56 ± 22 s vs. 77 ± 42 s;  p  < 0.05), being associated with a faster decline in Δ[deoxy-Hb + Mb] and Q  T   compared with sham ( τ  = 31 ± 19 s vs. 42 ± 22 s and 39 ± 22 s vs. 78 ± 46 s,  p  < 0.05). Faster off-exercise decrease in Q  T   with PAV was related to longer exercise duration ( r  = −0.76;  p  < 0.05).    Conclusion  PAV accelerates the recovery of central hemodynamics and muscle oxygenation in HFrEF. These beneficial effects might prove useful to improve the tolerance to repeated exercise during cardiac rehabilitation.

Proportional Assist Ventilation Improves Leg Muscle Reoxygenation After Exercise in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction