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The lactate threshold (LT) and the strongly related maximal lactate steady state workload (MLSS W ) are critical for physical endurance capacity and therefore of major interest in numerous sports. However, their relevance to individual swimming performance is not well understood. We used a custom-made visual light pacer for real-time speed modulation during front crawl to determine the LT and MLSS W  in a single-exercise test. When approaching the LT, we found that minute variations in swimming speed had considerable effects on blood lactate concentration ([La − ]). The LT was characterized by a sudden increase in [La − ], while the MLSS W  occurred after a subsequent workload reduction, as indicated by a rapid cessation of blood lactate accumulation. Determination of the MLSS W  by this so-called “individual lactate threshold” (ILT)-test was highly reproducible and valid in a constant speed test. Mean swimming speed in 800 and 1,500 m competition (S-Comp) was 3.4% above MLSS W  level and S-Comp, and the difference between S-Comp and the MLSS W  (Δ S-Comp/MLSS W ) were higher for long-distance swimmers (800–1,500 m) than for short- and middle-distance swimmers (50–400 m). Moreover, Δ S-Comp/MLSS W  varied significantly between subjects and had a strong influence on overall swimming performance. Our results demonstrate that the MLSS W  determines individual swimming performance, reflects endurance capacity in the sub- to supra-threshold range, and is therefore appropriate to adjust training intensity in moderate to severe domains of exercise.

The Maximal Lactate Steady State Workload Determines Individual Swimming Performance