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Streltzoviella insularis  (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) is a woodboring insect feeding on  Fraxinus pennsylvanica ,  Sophora japonica , and  Ginkgo biloba , as well as many other species used for urban greening and plain afforestation in northern China, including the temperate north. There is also a risk that  S. insularis  could spread through the transportation of seedlings, thereby increasing urban greening costs. However, how  S. insularis  increases the cold tolerance then reduces it to survive winter temperature below 0°C remains unclear. In the transcriptomic of  S. insularis , we identified three profiles (profile 25, 27, and 13) whose trends related to the cold tolerance. We detected 1,783 differentially expressed genes (in profile 25) and identified 522 genes enriched in the AMPK signaling pathway. The metabolome analysis identified 122 differential metabolites. We identified four co-pathways, among which “Glycerophospholipid metabolism” was the pathway most enriched in differentially expressed genes and differential metabolites. The AMPK signaling and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways play key roles in the natural overwintering physiological process of  S. insularis  larvae.

frontiers in physiology

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Data Reveal the Key Metabolic Pathways Affecting Streltzoviella insularis (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) Larvae During Overwintering