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The thermal tolerance of marine decapod crustacea is defined through their capacities for oxygen uptake and distribution. High ambient CO 2  levels were previously shown to reduce hemolymph oxygen levels at enhanced cardiac performance during warming. This study investigated the impacts of warming under two CO 2  levels on ventilation and hemolymph circulation in edible crabs  Cancer pagurus . It also highlights changes in the ventilatory and cardiac pauses displayed by Decapoda under routine metabolism. Animals were exposed to step-wise, sub-critical warming (12–20°C over 5 days) under control (470 μatm) and high (1,350 μatm) water  P CO 2 . Flow-through respirometry was combined with magnetic resonance imaging and infra-red photoplethysmography to allow for simultaneous, non-invasive measurements of metabolic rates (M  ˙    O  2), ventilation and cardiovascular performance. Crabs spent significantly more time in a lowM  ˙    O  2state (metabolic pause), when experiencing high CO 2  conditions above 16°C, compared to normocapnic warming. Heart rates leveled off beyond 18°C at any CO 2  level. Cardiac output continued to increase with high-CO 2 -warming, due to elevated cardiac stroke volumes. Consequently, temperature-dependent branchial hemolymph flow remained unaffected by CO 2 . Instead, a suppressing effect of CO 2  on ventilation was found beyond 16°C. These results indicate constrained oxygen uptake at stable cardiovascular performance in a decapod crustacean.   Cancer pagurus : urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B750F89A-84B5-448B-8D80-EBD724A1C9D4

Non-invasive MRI Studies of Ventilatory and Cardiovascular Performance in Edible Crabs Cancer pagurus During Warming Under Elevated CO2 Levels