English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The red imported fire ant,  Solenopsis invicta , is a eusocial invasive insect that has spread worldwide. Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are ligand-binding proteins that participate in a diverse range of physiological processes that include olfaction and chemical transport. Here, we performed a systematic survey of the expression of the 21 gene  S. invicta CSP  family that includes at least two groups of apparent  S. invicta -specific gene expansions. These data revealed caste, tissue, and developmental stage-specific differential expression of the  SiCSPs . In general, moderate to high  SiCSP  expression was seen in worker antennae and abdomen tissues with lower expression in head/thorax regions. Male and female alates showed high antennal expression of fewer  SiCSPs , with the female alate thorax showing comparatively high  SiCSP  expression.  SiCSP  expression was lower in male alates tissues compared to workers and female alates, albeit with some highly expressed  SiCSPs .  SiCSP  expression was low during development including in eggs, larvae (early and late instars), and pupae. Global analyses revealed examples of conserved, divergent, and convergent  SiCSP  expression patterns linked to phylogenetic relationships. The developmental and caste-specific variation seen in  SiCSP  expression patterns suggests specific functional diversification of CSPs that may translate into differential chemical recognition and communication among individuals and/or reflect other cellular roles of CSPs. Our results support a model for CSPs acting as general ligand carriers involved in a wide range of physiological processes beyond olfaction. As compared to the expression patterns of the  S. invicta  odorant binding proteins (OBPs), an inverse correlation between  SiOBP  and  SiCSP  expression was seen, suggesting potential complementary and/or compensatory functions between these two classes of ligand carriers.

Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta) Chemosensory Proteins Are Expressed in Tissue, Developmental, and Caste-Specific Patterns