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Matrine, a naturally occurring heterocyclic compound, has been shown to enhance the pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic fungus  Beauveria brongniartii  against  Spodoptera litura . In the current study, the biological impacts and synergism activities of these two agents on nutritional efficiency and antioxidant enzymes in  S. litura  were explored. Our results showed a high antifeedant activity of  B. brongniartii  and matrine on  S. litura . The  S. litura  larvae were unable to pupate and emerge when treated with combinations of matrine and  B. brongniartii . Following on, we measured the activities of five important antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)] when treated with  B. brongniartii  SB010 (1 × 10 9  spores/ml), matrine (0.5 mg/ml), and  B. brongniartii  SB010 (1 × 10 9  spores/ml) + matrine (0.5 mg/ml). The results indicated the detoxification activity of the five enzymes in the fat body and hemolymph of  S. litura  when facing a combined  B. brongniartii  and matrine challenge. The activities of the enzymes were significantly lower than that of the control group 7 days post-treatment, indicating the inhibitory effect of the two xenobiotics. Matrine had better inhibition effects than  B. brongniartii  in a majority of the trials. The improved detoxification activity of the five enzymes may be the internal mechanism of synergism of matrine on  B. brongniartii .

frontiers in physiology

Biological Impact and Enzyme Activities of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Response to Synergistic Action of Matrine and Beauveria brongniartii