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Purpose:  Aging is associated with changes in muscle energy metabolism. Proton ( 1 H) and phosphorous ( 31 P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been successfully applied for non-invasive investigation of skeletal muscle metabolism. The aim of this study was to detect differences in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in the aging muscle by  31 P-MRS and to identify potential changes associated with buffer capacity of muscle carnosine by  1 H-MRS.   Methods:  Fifteen young and nineteen elderly volunteers were examined.  1 H and  31 P-MRS spectra were acquired at high field (7T). The investigation included carnosine quantification using  1 H-MRS and resting and dynamic  31 P-MRS, both including saturation transfer measurements of phosphocreatine (PCr), and inorganic phosphate (Pi)-to-ATP metabolic fluxes.   Results:  Elderly volunteers had higher time constant of PCr recovery (τ  PCr  ) in comparison to the young volunteers. Exercise was connected with significant decrease in PCr-to-ATP flux in both groups. Moreover, PCr-to-ATP flux was significantly higher in young compared to elderly both at rest and during exercise. Similarly, an increment of Pi-to-ATP flux with exercise was found in both groups but the intergroup difference was only observed during exercise. Elderly had lower muscle carnosine concentration and lower postexercise pH. A strong increase in phosphomonoester (PME) concentration was observed with exercise in elderly, and a faster Pi:PCr kinetics was found in young volunteers compared to elderly during the recovery period.   Conclusion:  Observations of a massive increment of PME concentration together with high Pi-to-ATP flux during exercise in seniors refer to decreased ability of the muscle to meet the metabolic requirements of exercise and thus a limited ability of seniors to effectively support the exercise load.

Multinuclear MRS at 7T Uncovers Exercise Driven Differences in Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism Between Young and Seniors