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The functions of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are varied in insects, but one example is to reduce water loss. Previous work has suggested that biosynthesis of CHCs is strongly related to the CYP4G sub-family. Targeting these genes in the brown planthopper,  Nilaparvata lugens  Stål, might be a new application for integrated pest management. Therefore, we explored the functions of  CYP4G76  (GenBank: KM217045.1) and  CYP4G115  (GenBank: KM217046.1) genes in this study. The desiccation treatment (RH < 5%) for the duration of 1–3 days significantly increased the transcription level of  CYP4G76  and  CYP4G115 . RNAi through the injection of  CYP4G76  and  CYP4G115  dsRNA could significantly decrease their expression, respectively, and further reduced the biosynthesis of CHCs, i.e., saturated and straight-chain alkanes. When  CYP4G76  and  CYP4G115  were suppressed, the susceptibility of  N. lugens  nymphs to desiccation increased, due to the deficiency of the CHCs in the insect’s cuticle. When the expression of  CYP4G76  and  CYP4G115  was decreased, this resulted in an increased rate of penetration of the four insecticides: pymetrozine, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and buprofezin. Therefore,  CYP4G76  and  CYP4G115  appear to regulate the biosynthesis of CHCs in  N. lugens  nymphs, which play a major role in protecting insects from water loss and the penetration of insecticides.  CYP4G76  and  CYP4G115  might be used as a novel target in integrated pest management to  N. lugens.

frontiers in physiology

NlCYP4G76 and NlCYP4G115 Modulate Susceptibility to Desiccation and Insecticide Penetration Through Affecting Cuticular Hydrocarbon Biosynthesis in Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)