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Purpose:  To analyze the effects of different training strategies (i.e., mainly intensity distribution) during living high – training low (LHTL) between elite cross-country skiers and Nordic-combined athletes.   Methods:  12 cross-country skiers (XC) (7 men, 5 women), and 8 male Nordic combined (NC) of the French national teams were monitored during 15 days of LHTL. The distribution of training at low-intensity (LIT), below the first ventilatory threshold (VT1), was 80% and 55% in XC and NC respectively. Daily, they filled a questionnaire of fatigue, and performed a heart rate variability (HRV) test. Prior (Pre) and immediately after (Post), athletes performed a treadmill incremental running test for determination ofV  ˙    O 2max  andV  ˙    O 2  at the second ventilatory threshold (    V  ˙    O 2V T2 ), a field roller-skiing test with blood lactate ([La-]) assessment.   Results:  The training volume was in XC and NC, respectively: at LIT: 45.9 ± 6.4 vs. 23.9 ± 2.8 h ( p  < 0.001), at moderate intensity: 1.9 ± 0.5 vs. 3.0 ± 0.4 h, ( p  < 0.001), at high intensity: 1.2 ± 0.9 vs. 1.4 ± 02 h ( p  = 0.05), in strength (and jump in NC): 7.1 ± 1.5 vs. 18.4 ± 2.7 h, ( p  < 0.001). Field roller-skiing performance was improved (-2.9 ± 1.6%,  p  < 0.001) in XC but decreased (4.1 ± 2.6%,  p  < 0.01) in NC. [La-] was unchanged (-4.1 ± 14.2%,  p  = 0.3) in XC but decreased (-27.0 ± 11.1%,  p  < 0.001) in NC. Changes in field roller-skiing performance and in [La-] were correlated ( r  = -0.77,  p  < 0.001).V  ˙    O 2max  increased in both XC and NC (3.7 ± 4.2%,  p  = 0.01 vs. 3.7 ± 2.2%,  p  = 0.002) butV  ˙    O 2V T2  increased only in XC (7.3 ± 5.8%,  p  = 0.002). HRV analysis showed differences between XC and NC mainly in high spectral frequency in the supine position (HF SU ). All NC skiers showed some signs of overreaching at Post.   Conclusion:  During LHTL, despite a higher training volume, XC improved specific performance and aerobic capacities, while NC did not. All NC skiers showed fatigue states. These findings suggest that a large amount of LIT with a moderate volume of strength and speed training is required during LHTL in endurance athletes.

Effects of Different Training Intensity Distributions Between Elite Cross-Country Skiers and Nordic-Combined Athletes During Live High-Train Low