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Recently, the crustacean female sex hormone (CFSH), which is considered a female-specific hormone, has been shown to play a crucial role in female phenotypes in crustaceans. In this study, two transcripts ( Sp-CFSH1  and  Sp-CFSH2 ) encoding the same CFSH precursor were cloned from the mud crab  Scylla paramamosain . Homology and phylogenetic analysis showed that CFSHs were homologous to interleukin-17 and highly conserved among brachyuran crabs. PCR analysis revealed that  Sp-CFSH  was expressed exclusively in the eyestalk ganglion of both prepubertal males and females, and surprisingly, the abundance of  Sp-CFSH  transcripts detected in the males were not significantly different from that of the females ( P  > 0.05). In addition, mRNA  in situ  hybridization showed that  Sp-CFSH  was localized in the X-organ of the male eyestalk ganglion. During the development of the androgenic gland (AG), the level of  Sp-IAG  mRNA in AG remained at low levels from stages I to II (early stage) but had a significant increase at stage III (mature stage). In contrast, the level of  Sp-CFSH  transcripts in the eyestalk ganglion was high in the early stage but extremely low in the mature stage. To investigate the potential function of CFSH in male  S. paramamosain , the recombinant protein (∼20 kDa) was expressed in  Escherichia coli  and was subsequently added to AG explants  in vitro . It was demonstrated that recombinant  Sp-CFSH  protein significantly reduced the expression of  Sp-IAG  in the AG explants at a concentration of 10 −6  M ( P <  0.05). In conclusion, our study provides the first piece of evidence that shows CFSH from the eyestalk ganglion acts as a negative regulator inhibiting the development of AG in crustaceans.

frontiers in physiology

Crustacean Female Sex Hormone From the Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain Is Highly Expressed in Prepubertal Males and Inhibits the Development of Androgenic Gland