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Rieske iron-sulfur protein (RISP) is a key protein subunit of mitochondrial complex III which plays an important role in the respiratory electron transport chain. The complete cDNA of RISP was cloned from  Spodoptera exigua  by real time quantitative PCR and rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technology and named as  SeRISP  (GenBank Accession Number:  JN992290 ). Multiple alignments and the creation of a phylogenetic tree revealed that RISPs are highly conserved among different insects, and the highly conserved region of RISPs is mainly located at the C-terminal which serves as the functional domain. Expression pattern analysis demonstrated that  SeRISP  is expressed in all developmental stages of  S. exigua ; the expression levels increased during larval growth, remained stable during development from fourth instar to pupa and reached a peak in the adult. In addition,  SeRISP  was significantly suppressed at both the mRNA and protein levels by feeding the instar stage with dsRNA; levels of suppression increased with increasing dsRNA concentration and continuous treatment time. The silencing of SeRISP in larvae led to the significant inhibition of ATP synthesis and larval growth, which could result in energy reserve deficiency in pupae and the suppression of fecundity and hatchability in adults. Our findings confirmed that it is possible to silence target genes in  S. exigua  by simple dsRNA feeding, and provided evidence of the essential role of RISP in the process of ATP synthesis, growth and reproduction.

Silencing of Rieske Iron-Sulfur Protein Impacts Upon the Development and Reproduction of Spodoptera exigua by Regulating ATP Synthesis