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This study investigated the effect of muscular endurance training on O 2 -cost and performance in double poling (DP) on a rollerski treadmill. Twenty-two well-trained cross-country skiers (31 ± 4 years, 77 ± 9 kg, 181 ± 8 cm, VO 2max  running: 64 ± 5 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 ) were counter-balanced to either a combined muscular endurance and running interval training group [MET;  n  = 11 (♂ = 9, ♀ = 2)], or an endurance running interval training group [ET;  n  = 11 (♂ = 9, ♀ = 2)]. Both groups continued their normal low-and moderate intensity training, but replaced 2 weekly high intensity-training sessions with two project-specific sessions for 6 weeks. In these sessions, MET combined upper-body muscular endurance training (4 × 30 repetitions, 90 s rest between sets) and running intervals (3 × 4 or 2 × 6 min, 3 min rest), while ET performed running intervals only (6 × 4 or 4 × 6 min, 3 min rest). The DP test-protocol consisted of 50 min submaximal poling for O 2 -cost measurement, followed by a self-paced 1,000-m performance test. In addition, subjects performed a VO 2max  test in running. MET increased muscular endurance ( P  < 0.05) and 1RM in simulated DP ( P  < 0.01) more than ET. Further, MET reduced the 1,000-m time and O 2 -cost compared to baseline values ( P  < 0.05), and tended to improve the 1,000-m time more than ET ( P  = 0.06). There were no changes in VO 2max  running or VO 2peak  DP in either MET or ET. In conclusion, 6 weeks of muscular endurance training increased both muscular endurance and 1RM in simulated DP. Further, specific upper-body muscular endurance training improved DP performance and thus, seems as a promising training model to optimize performance in well-trained cross-country skiers.

Upper-Body Muscular Endurance Training Improves Performance Following 50 min of Double Poling in Well-Trained Cross-Country Skiers