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No doubt the cell membrane represents the first evolutionary milestone in the construction of life. The basic structure of primitive membranes likely provided a rather simple barrier to isolate an intracellular compartment, where molecular “protobricks” started (assisted or not) to develop life, a process that lasted around a 1000 million years. However, membrane entities dramatically changed upon evolution of metazoans, paralleling the appearance of differentiated tissues and organs. In modern organisms, the differences in cell membrane composition reflect neatly these evolutionary changes: supporting specialized functions, and acquiring more and more molecular complexity as cells within tissues and organs became more and more specialized. Countless symphonies in animal cell life rely on plasma membrane composition and integrity, and examples of membrane adaptation to enable physiological adaptation to different physical environments are spectacular (Hazel and Williams, 1990).

Membrane physiology and biophysics in the next decade: an open balcony to multiple scenarios