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A rich variety of nematic/smectic orders in Fe-based superconductors is animportant unsolved problem in strongly correlated electron systems. A unifiedunderstanding of these orders has been investigated for the last decade. Inthis article, we explain the $B_{1g}$ symmetry nematic transition inFeSe$_{1-x}$Te$_x$, the $B_{2g}$ symmetry nematicity in AFe$_2$As$_2$ (A=Cs,Rb), and the smectic state in BaFe$_2$As$_2$ based on the same framework. Weinvestigate the quantum interference mechanism between spin fluctuations bydeveloping the density wave equation. The observed rich variety ofnematic/smectic orders is naturally understood in this mechanism. Thenematic/smectic orders depend on the characteristic shape and topology of theFermi surface (FS) of each compound. (i) In FeSe$_{1-x}$Te$_x$, each FS is verysmall and the dxy-orbital hole pocket is below the Fermi level. In this case,the small spin fluctuations on three dxz, dyz, and dxy orbitals cooperativelylead to the $B_{1g}$ nematic order. The experimental Lifshitz transition belowthe nematic transition temperature $(T_S)$ is naturally reproduced. (ii) InBaFe$_2$As$_2$, the dxy-orbital hole pocket emerges around M point, and each FSis relatively large. The strong spin fluctuations due to the dxy-orbitalnesting give rise to the $B_{1g}$ nematic order and the smectic order, and thelatter transition temperature ($T^*$) exceeds the former one $T_S$. (iii) Inheavily hole-doped AFe$_2$As$_2$, the large dxy-orbital hole pocket and thefour tiny Dirac pockets appear due to the hole-doping. The $B_{2g}$ nematicbond order emerges on the dxy-orbital hole pocket due to the same interferencemechanism. The present paramagnon interference mechanism provides a unifiedexplanation of why the variety of nematic/smectic orders in Fe-basedsuperconductors is so rich, based on the well-established fermiology ofFe-based superconductors.

frontiers in physics

Diverse Exotic Orders and Fermiology in Fe-based Superconductors: A  Unified Mechanism for $B_{1g}/B_{2g}$ Nematicity in FeSe/(Cs,Rb)Fe$_2$As$_2$  and Smectic Order in BaFe$_2$As$_2$