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Nighttime lights (NTLs) have been used as a proxy for economic growth in recent years. To verify the effectiveness of NTL in measuring regional economies, this article studies the regional economic convergence phenomenon in China’s provinces by a comparative analysis of NTL data and GDP data from 1992 to 2013. It is found that there is a significant difference between the results of club convergence between NTL and GDP; GDP high-growth clubs are mainly concentrated in the east and central areas, while NTL’s high-growth clubs are mostly concentrated in the central and west areas. Besides, the growth rate gaps between GDP clubs are relatively flat, while the growth rate gaps between NTL clubs are large. From the perspective of influencing, factors of the regional convergence, technological innovation, and industrial structure have a significant impact on GDP and NTL, and industrial structure has opposite effects on GDP clubs and NTL clubs. Besides the above factors, for NTL convergence clubs, population growth rate, economic openness, and resource consumption are also significant.

Regional Economic Convergence in China: A Comparative Study of Nighttime Light and GDP