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T cell activation and differentiation is associated with metabolic reprogramming to cope with the increased bioenergetic demand and to provide metabolic intermediates for the biosynthesis of building blocks. Antigen receptor stimulation not only promotes the metabolic switch of lymphocytes but also triggers the uptake of calcium (Ca 2+ ) from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix. Whether mitochondrial Ca 2+  influx through the mitochondrial Ca 2+  uniporter (MCU) controls T cell metabolism and effector function remained, however, enigmatic. Using mice with T cell-specific deletion of MCU, we here show that genetic inactivation of mitochondrial Ca 2+  uptake increased cytosolic Ca 2+  levels following antigen receptor stimulation and store-operated Ca 2+  entry (SOCE). However, ablation of MCU and the elevation of cytosolic Ca 2+  did not affect mitochondrial respiration, differentiation and effector function of inflammatory and regulatory T cell subsets  in vitro  and in animal models of T cell-mediated autoimmunity and viral infection. These data suggest that MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca 2+  uptake is largely dispensable for murine T cell function. Our study has also important technical implications. Previous studies relied mostly on pharmacological inhibition or transient knockdown of mitochondrial Ca 2+  uptake, but our results using mice with genetic deletion of MCU did not recapitulate these findings. The discrepancy of our study to previous reports hint at compensatory mechanisms in MCU-deficient mice and/or off-target effects of current MCU inhibitors.

Genetic Ablation of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) Does not Impair T Cell-Mediated Immunity In Vivo