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Oral candidiasis is one of the most common fungal infections in humans. Its incidence has increased widely, as well as the antifungal resistance, demanding for the search for novel antifungal therapeutic agents.  Anadenanthera colubrina  (Vell.) Brenan is a plant species that has been proven to possess pharmacological effects, including antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities. This study evaluated  in vitro  the effects of standardized  A. colubrina  extract on virulence factors of  Candida albicans  and its regulation on immune response through  C. albicans -host interaction. Antifungal activity was evaluated by Broth Microdilution Method against reference  Candida  strains ( C. albicans ,  C. glabrata ,  C. tropicalis ;  C. dubliniensis ). Anti-biofilm effect was performed on  C. albicans  mature biofilm and quantified by CFU/mL/g of biofilm dry weight. Proleotlytic enzymatic activities of proteinase and phospholipase were assessed by Azocasein and Phosphatidylcholine assays, respectively. Cytotoxicity effect was determined by Cell Titer Blue Viability Assay on Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Co-cultured model was used to analyze  C. albicans  coexisting with HGF by Scanning Electron Microscopy and fluorescence microscopies; gene expression was assessed by RT-PCR of  C. albicans  enzymes (SAP-1, PLB-1) and of host inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-10). Cytokines secretion was analysed by Luminex. The extract presented antifungal effect with MIC<15.62 μg/ml against  Candida  strains. Biofilm and proteolytic activity were significant reduced at 312.4 μg/ml (20 × 15.62 μg/ml) extract concentration. Cell viability was maintained higher than 70% in concentrations up to 250 μg/ml (LD 50  = 423.3 μg/ml). Co-culture microscopies demonstrated a substantial decreased in  C. albicans  growth and minimal toxicity against host cells. Gene expressions of SAP-1/PLB-1 were significantly down-regulated and host immune response was modulated by a significant decreased on IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines secretion.  A. colubrina  had antifungal activity on  Candida  strains, antibiofilm, and anti-proteolytic enzyme effects against  C. albicans . Presented low cytotoxicity to the host cells and modulatory effects on the host immune response.

Yeast-Host Interactions: Anadenanthera colubrina Modulates Virulence Factors of C. albicans and Inflammatory Response In Vitro