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Through bioguided  in vitro  assays, the leishmanicidal and trypanocidal effects of an ethanol extract, seven fractions, and two pure substances obtained from  Clathrotropis brunnea  Amshoff sawdust were established. The effectiveness of the two metabolites was confirmed in a hamster model of cutaneous Leishmaniasis by  Leishmania braziliensis  and in Balb/c mice infected by  Trypanosoma cruzi .  In vitro , 3,5-dimethoxystilbene was the most active against  L. braziliensis  amastigotes, with a median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of 4.18 μg/ml (17.40 μM) and a selectivity index of 3.55, but showed moderate activity for  T. cruzi , with a median effective concentration (EC 50 ) value of 27.7 μg/ml (115.36 μM). Flavanone pinostrobin, meanwhile, showed high activity against  L. braziliensis,  with an EC 50  of 13.61 μg/ml (50.39 μM), as well as for  T. cruzi,  with an EC 50  of 18.2 μg/ml (67.38 μM). The animal model assay of cutaneous Leishmaniasis showed that 50% of the hamsters treated with pinostrobin were definitively cured the cutaneous ulcer, and 40% showed an improvement, with a reduction in the size of the of 84–87%. Moreover, Balb/c mice experimentally infected with  T. cruzi  and treated for 25 days with pinostrobin experienced a reduction in their parasitemia by 71%. These results demonstrate the high potential of  C. brunnea  Amshoff against cutaneous Leishmaniasis and American trypanosomiasis and indicate the pharmacological potential of waste from the wood industry, which has tons of potentially useful chemicals for the development of new medicines.

frontiers in pharmacology

Exploring Antiparasitic Molecule Sources from Timber by-Product Industries—Leishmanicidal and Trypanocidal Compounds from Clathrotropis brunnea Amshoff