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Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a condition with multifactorial pathophysiology. To date, there is no permanent cure and the disease is primarily managed by immunosuppressive drugs; long-term use promotes serious side effects including increased risk malignancies. The current study aimed to target neutrophil-myeloperoxidase, a key contributor to the pathogenesis of IBD, through the use of AZD3241that inhibits extracellular myeloperoxidase. Experimental colitis was induced in C57BL/6 male mice by 2% dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water  ad libitum  over 9 days. Mice received either normal drinking water and peanut butter (control), 2% DSS in drinking water and peanut butter or 2% DSS in drinking water and AZD3241 (30 mg/kg) dispersed in peanut butter daily for 9 days. Administered AZD3241 attenuated body weight loss (10%  p< 0.05) and improved clinical score (9 fold  p< 0.05; a score comprising the time-dependent assessment of stool consistency and extent of rectal bleeding), loss of colonic crypts ( p< 0.001), preserved surface epithelium ( p< 0.001) and enhanced expression of the transcription factor Nrf-2 (regulator of antioxidants) and enhanced expression of the downstream antioxidant response element haeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the colon tissue. Also, the concentration of fecal hemoglobin and the myeloperoxidase specific oxidative damage biomarker 3-chlorotyrosine in the colon were significantly decreased in the presence of AZD3241. This latter result was consistent with AZD3241 inhibiting MPO activity  in vitro . Overall, AZD3241 ameliorated the course and severity of experimental colitis through ameliorating MPO derived tissue damage and could be considered a potential therapeutic option, subject to further validation in chronic IBD models.

The Synthetic Myeloperoxidase Inhibitor AZD3241 Ameliorates Dextran Sodium Sulfate Stimulated Experimental Colitis