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Background   Amomi fructus  is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that can exert beneficial effects during the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and is used widely in China and other countries in Southeast Asia. However, the nonvolatile active ingredients that are present in the water extractions from  A. fructus  used to treat gastrointestinal diseases have yet to be elucidated. The goal of this study was to identify the nonvolatile active ingredients of  A. fructus .    Methods  We used an  in situ  single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model to identify the active ingredients of  A. fructus  that play significant roles in gastrointestinal absorption. In addition, we developed a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to identify key fractions in intestinal outflow perfusate.    Results  Nineteen components were identified in a water extraction from  A. fructus ; these exhibited different absorption capabilities in different intestinal segments. Of these, six components were determined by the newly developed HPLC method: catechin, vanillic acid, epicatechin, polydatin, isoquercitrin, and quercitrin.    Conclusions  The current study aimed to identify the active ingredients present in water extractions prepared from  A. fructus  in a single-intestinal perfusate from rats. Our findings provide an experimental basis to explain the pharmacodynamic actions of  A. fructus .

frontiers in pharmacology

The Absorption Characteristics of Nonvolatile Components in a Water Extraction From Amomi fructus as Determined by In Situ Single-Pass Intestinal Perfusion and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography