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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease that is usually accompanied by  Staphylococcus aureus  infection due to cutaneous barrier-function damage. Benzenoid compounds from  Antrodia cinnamomea  are known to exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. This study sought to investigate the potential of benzenoids for treating bacteria-infected AD. The compounds were screened against methicillin-resistant  S. aureus  (MRSA). Coenzyme Q 0  (CoQ 0 ), a key ingredient in  A. cinnamomea , showed the strongest MRSA growth inhibition. We further tested the inhibitory effect of CoQ 0  on planktonic and biofilm MRSA. The work was also performed to explore the potential effectiveness of CoQ 0  on AD using activated keratinocytes and  in vivo  experimental AD mice as the models. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of CoQ 0  against MRSA were 7.81 μg/ml. CoQ 0  was found to eradicate biofilm MRSA efficiently and reduce the biofilm thickness. CoQ 0  killed MRSA by inhibiting DNA polymerase and topoisomerases. A proteomic assay showed that CoQ 0  also reduced the ribosomal proteins. In the anti-inflammation study, CoQ 0  was found to downregulate the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)5, and CCL17 in HaCaT cells. CoQ 0  at 0.5 μg/ml could recover the filaggrin decreased by HaCaT activation to the normal control. We established a bacteria-infected AD-like model in mice using ovalbumin (OVA) and topically applied MRSA. Topical CoQ 0  delivery lessened the MRSA presence in the AD-like lesions by >90%. The erythema, barrier function, and epidermal thickness of the AD-like wounds were improved by CoQ 0  through the reduction of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, and by neutrophil infiltration in the lesional skin. CoQ 0  is therefore regarded as effective in mitigating AD symptoms associated with bacterial load.

frontiers in pharmacology

Coenzyme Q0 From Antrodia cinnamomea Exhibits Drug-Resistant Bacteria Eradication and Keratinocyte Inflammation Mitigation to Ameliorate Infected Atopic Dermatitis in Mouse