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Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major threats to human and animal health. An effective strategy to reduce and/or delay antimicrobial resistance is to use combination therapies. Research in our laboratory has been focused on combination therapies of antimicrobials and phytochemicals and development of antimicrobial–phytochemical conjugates. In this study, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a novel sulfamethoxazole–gallic acid conjugate compound (Hybrid 1). Hybrid 1 not only showed much stronger activity than sulfamethoxazole towards  Streptococcus uberis  19436,  Enterococcus faecium  700221, and  Enterococcus faecalis  29212, which were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), but also exhibited a promising antimicrobial effect against two  E. faecalis  clinical isolates, one of which was multidrug-resistant. Further studies are warranted to establish the  in vivo  antimicrobial activity for Hybrid 1 and develop more potent sulfamethoxazole–gallic acid-based antimicrobial conjugates using hybrid 1 as a lead compound.

frontiers in pharmacology

A Novel Antimicrobial–Phytochemical Conjugate With Antimicrobial Activity Against Streptococcus uberis, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis