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A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for Hexamoll ®  diisononyl-cyclohexane-1, 2-dicarboxylate was developed to interpret the biokinetics in humans after single oral doses. The model was parameterized with  in vitro  and  in silico  derived parameters and uncertainty and sensitivity analysis was used during the model development process to assess structure, biological plausibility and behavior prior to simulation and analysis of human biological monitoring data. The model provided good simulations of the urinary excretion (Curine) of two metabolites; cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid mono hydroxyisononyl ester (OH-MINCH) and cyclohexane-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid mono carboxyisononyl ester (cx-MINCH) from the biotransformation of mono-isononyl-cyclohexane-1, 2-dicarboxylate (MINCH), the monoester metabolite of di-isononyl-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate. However, good simulations could be obtained, with and without, a lymphatic compartment. Selection of an appropriate model structure was informed by sensitivity analysis which could identify and quantify the contribution to variability in Curine by parameters, such as, the fraction of oral dose that directly entered the lymphatic compartment and therefore by-passed the liver and the fraction of MINCH bio-transformed to cx-MINCH and OH-MINCH. By constraining these parameters within biologically plausible limits the presence of a lymphatic compartment was deemed an important component of model structure. Furthermore, the use of sensitivity analysis is important in the evaluation of uncertainty around  in silico  derived parameters. By quantifying their impact on model output sufficient confidence in the use of a model should be afforded. This type of approach could expand the use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models since parameterization with  in silico  techniques allows for rapid model development. This in turn could assist in reducing the use of animals in toxicological evaluations by enhancing the utility of “read across” techniques.

frontiers in pharmacology

Development, Testing, Parameterization, and Calibration of a Human Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for the Plasticizer, Hexamoll® Diisononyl-Cyclohexane-1, 2-Dicarboxylate Using In Silico, In Vitro, and Human Biomonitoring Data