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Zhenlong Xingnao Capsule (ZXC) is a Tibetan medicine used to treat ischemic stroke. In this study, we determined the  in vitro  and  in vivo  effects of ZXC on reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a mouse BV-2 microglial cell hypoxia-reoxygenation and rat middle cerebral artery occlusion infarction models. We aimed to clarify the role of ZXC in cerebral ischemia protection; reveal amino acid neurotransmitter changes in the frontal cortex after drug intervention; determine mRNA and protein expression changes in Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, P38, and nuclear factor (NF)-кB in the frontal cortex and changes in antioxidant indices in the brain; and elucidate the mechanisms underlying ZXC action. After hypoxia-reoxygenation, ROS levels were significantly increased in BV-2 cells, and their levels decreased after treatment with ZXC. ZXC had protective effects on ischemic/anoxic injury  in vitro  and  in vivo  by downregulating the expressions of caspase-3 and NF-кB mRNA during ischemia and reperfusion and that of p38 and caspase-3 during acute ischemia and reperfusion as well as the steady-state levels of excitatory amino acids/inhibitory amino acids and by improving the total antioxidant capacity and total superoxide dismutase activities during ischemia. These findings provide new molecular evidence for the mechanisms underlying ZXC action.

Neuroprotective Effects and Mechanisms of Zhenlong Xingnao Capsule in In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Hypoxia