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Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug. It is used widely to treat diseases caused by  Mycoplasma  species. We investigated the antibacterial activity of doxycycline against the  Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae  strain ATCC25934. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of doxycycline against  M. hyopneumoniae  determined by a microdilution method was 0.125 μg/ml. Static time–kill curves with constant drug concentrations (0–64 MIC) showed that a bacteriostatic effect occurred if the doxycycline concentration reached 4 MIC. Doxycycline produced a maximum antimycoplasmal effect (reduction of 2.76 log 10 CFU/ml) at 64 MIC within 48 h. The effect of doxycycline against  M. hyopneumoniae  was analyzed by a sigmoid  E   max  model, and there was high correlation between the kill rate and doxycycline concentration ( R   2  = 0.986). A one-compartment open model with first-order absorption was adopted and was used to simulate doxycycline pharmacokinetics in porcine plasma. The dynamic time–concentration curve showed that the area under the curve at 24 h (AUC 24 h ) and  C   max  (peak concentration) after each drug administration was 1.78–48.4 μg h/ml and 0.16–3.41 μg/ml, respectively. The reduction of  M. hyopneumoniae  (log 10 CFU/ml) for 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 mg/kg body weight was 0.16, 1.29, 1.75, 2.94, 3.35, 3.91, 4.35, and 5.77, respectively, during the entire experiment, respectively. When the dose was >10 mg/kg body weight, continuous administration for 3 days could achieve a bactericidal effect. The correlation coefficient of AUC 24 h /MIC,  C   max /MIC, and %T > MIC (the cumulative percentage of time over a 24-h period that the drug concentration exceeds the MIC) with antibacterial effect was 0.917, 0.923, and 0.823, respectively. Doxycycline showed concentration-dependent activity, and the value of AUC 24 h /MIC and  C   max /MIC required to produce a drop of 1 log 10 CFU/ml was 164 h and 9.89, respectively.

Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Integration of Doxycycline Against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in an In Vitro Model