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Boophilus  ( Rhipicephalus )  microplus  is a one host hard tick widespread in warm climates worldwide, responsible for great economic losses. To avoid resistance in ticks population, induced by the repeated administration of conventional acaricides and/or the presence of residues in the environment in meat and in milk, an alternative approach can be achieved using entomopathogenic microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria, or essential oils (EOs). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the  in vitro  sensitivity of  Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae ,  Scopulariopsis  sp,  Bacillus thuringiensis  and  Proteus mirabilis  to  Eucalyptus globulus, Lavandula hybrida ,  Pelargonium graveolens  EOs and to their main constituents such as lynalool, linalyl-acetate, geraniol, citronellol and 1,8 cineole. EOs has been chemically characterized by GC-MS. Fungal isolates were tested by a microdilution assay to achieve minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both EOs and main components. The sensitivity of bacteria was evaluated by an agar disk diffusion. The results obtained show the feasibility of an integrate approach for an eco-friendly control of  R. microplus  by use of both entomopathogenic fungi and  P. graveolens  EO.  L. hybrida  could be an interesting alternative when  B. bassiana  is not employed. Conversely, a combined use of  B. thuringiensis  and EOs would not be advisable in the integrate control of ticks.

frontiers in pharmacology

Sensitivity of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria to Plants Secondary Metabolites, for an Alternative Control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Cattle