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In Mexico, the  Adenophyllum aurantium  (L.) Strother plant is consumed as an infusion to treat intestinal diseases such as amoebiasis, which is an endemic health problem in Mexico and other countries. However, the effect of  A. aurantium  on  Entamoeba histolytica , the causative agent of amoebiasis, is unknown. An aerial part methanolic extract ( Aa MeA), a root methanolic extract ( Aa MeR) and a root ethyl acetate extract ( Aa EaR) were tested on  E. histolytica  trophozoites.  Aa MeA and  Aa MeR did not show antiproliferative activity; however,  Aa EaR exhibited an  in vitro  GI 50  of 230 μg/ml, and it was able to inhibit the differentiation of  Entamoeba invadens  trophozoites into cysts. The intraperitoneal administration of  Aa EaR (2.5 or 5 mg) to hamsters that were infected with  E. histolytica  inhibited the development of amoebic liver abscesses in 48.5 or 89.0% of the animals, respectively. Adhesion to fibronectin and erythrophagocytosis were 28.7 and 37.5% inhibited by  Aa EaR, respectively. An ultrastructure analysis of  Aa EaR-treated trophozoites shows a decrease in the number of vacuoles but no apparent cell damage. Moreover, this extract affected the actin cytoskeleton structuration, and it prevented the formation of contractile rings by mechanism(s) that were independent of reactive oxygen species and RhoA activation pathways.  13 C NMR data showed that the major compounds in the  Aa EaR extract are thiophenes. Our results suggest that  Aa EaR may be effective in treatments against amoebiasis, nevertheless, detailed toxicity studies on thiophenes, contained in  Aa EaR, are required to avoid misuse of this vegetal species.

Antiamoebic Activity of Adenophyllum aurantium (L.) Strother and Its Effect on the Actin Cytoskeleton of Entamoeba histolytica