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Healthy sleep in children is critical for their physical and mental health. Although growing evidence indicates the linkage between preterm birth and neural network that regulates sleep architecture, findings on the association between preterm birth and sleep problems among children are still contradictory. In this study, we aimed to understand the prevalence of sleep problems in children aged 3–6 years and to explore the association between sleep problems and preterm birth among children in Shanghai, China.    Methods  We selected 8,586 kindergarten children aged 3–6 years and their mothers in a rural area of Shanghai. Data were collected by questionnaire interview among mothers with informed consent that was signed ahead. Six types of sleep problems (i.e., insufficient sleep, sleepwalk, nightmare, snore, grind teeth, and cry in sleep) were selected in this study. SAS 9.4 was used for data analysis, and  p  &amp;lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.    Results  In this study, the prevalence of preterm birth was 9.88% (848/8,586), with a higher prevalence in boys (10.62%) than girls (9.01%). The prevalence of sleep problems was 89.81% among kindergarten children, with 62.50% for snore, 50.35% for grind teeth, 49.20% for cry in sleep, 41.18% for nightmare, 11.67% for insufficient sleep, and 4.44% for sleepwalk. The age of children, family income, and mother's education were associated with the prevalence of sleep problems in children. Logistic regression indicated that sleep problems in preterm children were comparable with the full-term children [odds ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (0.89–1.45)].    Conclusion  Sleep problems were prevalent among children aged 3–6 years in the rural area of Shanghai, and preterm birth was not associated with sleep problems in kindergarten children. We recommend that parents should create limit setting in the home, cultivate similar child-rearing attitudes and beliefs among family members, and encourage children to go to bed earlier.

Prevalence of Sleep Problems and Its Association With Preterm Birth Among Kindergarten Children in a Rural Area of Shanghai, China