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Purpose  To analyzed the outcome of ETV6/RUNX1-positive pediatric acute B lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with the aim of identifying prognostic value.    Method  A total of 2,530 pediatric patients who were diagnosed with B-ALL were classified into two groups based on the ETV6/RUNX1 status by using a retrospective cohort study method from February 28, 2008, to June 30, 2020, at 22 participating ALL centers.    Results  In total, 461 (18.2%) cases were ETV6/RUNX1-positive. The proportion of patients with risk factors (age &amp;lt;1 year or ≥10 years, WB≥50×10 9 /L) in ETV6/RUNX1-positive group was significantly lower than that in negative group ( P &amp;lt;0.001), while the proportion of patients with good early response (good response to prednisone, D15 MRD &amp;lt; 0.1%, and D33 MRD &amp;lt; 0.01%) in ETV6/RUNX1-positive group was higher than that in the negative group ( P &amp;lt;0.001, 0.788 and 0.004, respectively). Multivariate analysis of 2,530 patients found that age &amp;lt;1 or ≥10 years, SCCLG-ALL-2016 protocol, and MLL were independent predictor of outcome but not ETV6/RUNX1. The EFS and OS of the ETV6/RUNX1-positive group were significantly higher than those of the negative group (3-year EFS: 90.11 ± 4.21%  vs  82 ± 2.36%,  P &amp;lt;0.0001, 3-year OS: 91.99 ± 3.92%  vs  88.79 ± 1.87%,  P =0.017). Subgroup analysis showed that chemotherapy protocol, age, prednisone response, and D15 MRD were important factors affecting the prognosis of ETV6/RUNX1-positive children.    Conclusions  ETV6/RUNX1-positive pediatric ALL showed an excellent outcome but lack of independent prognostic significance in South China. However, for older patients who have the ETV6/RUNX1 fusion and slow response to therapy, to opt for more intensive treatment.

Prognostic Value and Outcome for ETV6/RUNX1-Positive Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Report From the South China Children’s Leukemia Group