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Objective  The predicting values of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1) were unclear in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who receive sorafenib treatment after curative hepatic resection.    Methods  We retrospectively enrolled HCC patients who received adjuvant sorafenib treatment after curative resection (N = 154), and patients had resection alone (N = 312). Immunohistochemistry was used to assess expression of PD-1 on tumor infiltration immune cells and PD-L1 on HCC cells. Cox proportional hazard models were used to explore association between clinicopathological factors and risk of tumor recurrence.    Results  No significant difference was detected in RFS (p = 0.542), or OS (p = 0.542) between the resection and sorafenib group and resection alone group. In the 154 patients who received adjuvant sorafenib, expression of PD-1 or PD-L1 was not significantly associated with long-term outcomes. However, in the 122 patients at high risk of postoperative recurrence who had adjuvant sorafenib treatment, characterized by maxim tumor size ≥5 cm, or the presence of macro- or micro-vascular invasion, patients with PD-L1 overexpression (≥3.0) had significantly worse RFS (p = 0.021), and overexpression of PD-L1 (HR: 1.88, 95%CI: 1.18–2.99, p = 0.008) was identified as an independent risk factor associated with unfavorable RFS.    Conclusion  Overexpression of PD-L1 serves as an independent predictor of recurrence in HCC patients at high risk of relapse who received adjuvant sorafenib treatment after curative resection.

Overexpression of PD-L1 is an Independent Predictor for Recurrence in HCC Patients Who Receive Sorafenib Treatment After Surgical Resection