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Background  Lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) refers to a biomarker combining derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Its prognostic effect on advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients receiving programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment remains unclear. Our research investigated the relationship between pretreatment LIPI and the prognosis of patients receiving first-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy.    Methods  Advanced SCLC patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment from Jan 2015 to Oct 2020 were included. Based on the values of dNLR and LDH, the study population was divided into two groups: LIPI good and LIPI intermediate/poor. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compute the median survival time and the log-rank test was used to compare the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the correlation between the pretreatment LIPI and clinical outcomes.    Results  One hundred patients were included in this study, of which, 64% were LIPI good (dNLR < 4.0 and LDH < 283 U/L), 11% were LIPI poor (dNLR ≥ 4.0 and LDH ≥ 283 U/L), and the remaining 25% were LIPI intermediate. The LIPI good group had better progression-free survival (PFS) (median: 8.4  vs  4.7 months,  p  = 0.02) and overall survival (OS) (median: 23.8  vs  13.3 months,  p  = 0.0006) than the LIPI intermediate/poor group. Multivariate analysis showed that pretreatment LIPI intermediate/poor was an independent risk factor for OS (HR: 2.34; 95%CI, 1.13, 4.86;  p  = 0.02). Subgroup analysis showed that pretreatment LIPI good was associated with better PFS and OS in males, extensive disease (ED), PD-1 inhibitor treatment, smokers, and liver metastasis ( p  < 0.05).    Conclusions  Pretreatment LIPI could serve as a prognostic biomarker for advanced SCLC patients receiving first-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy.

frontiers in oncology

Prognostic Value of the Pretreatment Lung Immune Prognostic Index in Advanced Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With First-Line PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Plus Chemotherapy