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Neuroendocrine neoplasms including neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are often diagnosed as primary disseminated or inoperable. In those cases, systemic extensive therapy is necessary, but radical treatment is unlikely. As described in the literature, in some selected cases, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) may be used as a first-line/neoadjuvant therapy that allows further successful surgery. Such treatment may enable a reduction of total tumor burden or allow a radical treatment which improves the final outcomes.    Aim  This study aims to assess whether neoadjuvant PRRT could be a treatment option for patients with initially unresectable NETs.    Methods  Among the group of 114 patients treated with PRRT between the years 2005 and 2020, in 32 cases, it was the first-line therapy, mainly due to massive disease burden at the time of diagnosis. Among them, nine patients received PRRT as the first-line treatment due to the primary inoperable tumors with the intention of preoperative reduction of the tumor size in order to allow for a surgical treatment.    Results  Neoadjuvant PRRT enabled surgery in four out of nine (45%) patients. Finally, in two out of four cases, the goal (radical surgery) has been achieved.    Conclusion  PRRT may be considered not only as a palliative but also as a neoadjuvant therapy in advanced, somatostatin-positive NETs that were initially inoperable.

Value of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy as Neoadjuvant Treatment in the Management of Primary Inoperable Neuroendocrine Tumors