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Objective  To investigate the changes of three-dimensional apparent diffusion coefficient (3D-ADC) of bilateral parotid glands during radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients and explore the correlations with the radiation dose, volume reduction of parotid gland and the salivary secretary function.    Materials and Methods  60 HNSCC were retrospectively collected in Sichuan cancer hospital. The patients were all received diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) scan at pre-radiation, the 15 th  radiation, the 25 th  radiation and completion of radiation. Dynamic 3D-ADC were measured in different lobes of parotid glands (P1: deep lobe of ipsilateral; P2: superficial lobe of ipsilateral; P3: deep lobe of contralateral; P4: superficial lobe of contralateral), and the 3D-ADC of spinal cord were also recorded. Chewing stimulates test, radionuclide scan and RTOG criteria were recorded to evaluate the salivary secretary function. Pearson analysis was used to assess the correlation between 3D-ADC value, radiation dose, volume change, and salivary secretary function.    Results  The mean 3D-ADC of parotid glands increased. It began to change at the 15 th  radiation and the mostly increased in P1. However, there was no change for the maximum and minimum 3D-ADC. The 3D-ADC values of spinal cord changes were almost invisible (ratio ≤ 0.03 ± 0.01). The mean 3D-ADC was negatively correlated with the salivary secretary function (r=-0.72) and volume reduction of different lobes of parotid glands (r1=-0.64; r2=-0.61; r3=-0.57; r4=-0.49), but it was positively correlated with the delivered dose (r1 = 0.73; r2 = 0.69; r3 = 0.65; r4 = 0.78).    Conclusion  Dynamic 3D-ADC changes might be a new and early indicator to predict and evaluate the secretary function of parotid glands during radiotherapy.

frontiers in oncology

Dynamic Three-Dimensional ADC Changes of Parotid Glands During Radiotherapy Predict the Salivary Secretary Function in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma