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To date, multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease. Immunotherapy is an encouraging option in the development of multiple myeloma (MM) therapy. CS1 is a specific myeloma antigen, which is highly expressed in myeloma cells. Calreticulin (CRT) is a key determinant of cell death, which can influence antigen presentation and promote cellular phagocytic uptake. In the current study, we constructed a DNA vaccine encoding both CS1 and CRT. Our results show that the PcDNA3.1-CS1/CRT vaccine was able to induce cytotoxic T cell responses against myeloma cells  in vivo , and the tumor growth was significantly suppressed in mice immunized with this vaccine. Therefore, our findings indicate that the CS1/CRT fusion DNA vaccine may represent a promising novel myeloma therapy, and the potential for combining the CS1/CRT vaccine with other myeloma treatments.

Cytotoxic T Cell Responses Induced by CS1/CRT Fusion DNA Vaccine in a Human Plasmacytoma Model