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Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) play a prebiotic role in many ways, whereas its function on microbiota is not fully understood. In this study, the effects of COS on metabolic syndrome were initially investigated by testing changes in the physiological indicators after adding COS to the diet of mice with high fat (group H) and low fat (group L). The results showed that COS markedly inhibited the accumulation of body weight and liver fat induced by high-fat diet, as well as restored the elevated concentration of blood glucose and fasting insulin to normal levels. Next, changes of the murine intestinal microbiota were examined. The results exhibited that COS reduced with-in-sample diversity, while the between-sample microbial diversity enhanced. Specifically, COS enriched  Clostridium paraputrificum  and  Clostridium ramosum  in the mice on a high-fat diet, while the abundance of  Clostridium cocleatum  was reduced. As a comparison,  Parabacteroides goldsteinii  and  Bacteroides uniformis  increased their abundance in response to COS in the low-fat diet group. Noticeably, a large amount of  Akkermansia muciniphila  was enriched in both high-fat or low-fat diet groups. Among the differential fecal bacteria,  Clostridium ramosume  was found to be positively interacted with  Faecalibacterim prausnitzii  and  Clostridium paraputrificum ;  Clostridium paraputrificum  had a positive interactions with  Lactococcus chungangensis  and  Bifidobacterium mongoliense , suggesting that COS probably ameliorate metabolic syndrome through the microbiota in view of the lipid-lowering effects of these interacted bacteria. Furthermore, the gene expression data revealed that COS improved the functions related to intestinal barrier and glucose transport, which could be the trigger and consequence of the variations in gut microbiota induced by COS. Additionally, correlation analysis found that intestinal bacteria are related to physiological parameters, which further supports the mediating role of gut microbiota in the beneficial effect of COS. In summary, our research results provide new evidence for the prebiotic effects of COS.

Chitosan Oligosaccharide Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome Induced by Overnutrition via Altering Intestinal Microbiota