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Background and Aim:  Genetic variation in fatty acid desaturases (FADS) has previously been linked to several diet-related diseases. We aimed to determine whether the FADS2 rs174583 variant interacts with the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and Mediterranean dietary score (MDS) to influence cardio-metabolic risk factors among obese adults.   Methods:  This cross-sectional study was performed among 347 apparently healthy obese adults (aged 20–50 years). Dietary quality indicator scores (DASH and MDS) were generated using a validated 147-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The FADS2 rs174583 variant was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The gene–diet interaction was analyzed by the ANCOVA multivariate interaction model.   Results:  A significant interaction was observed between rs174583 and adherence to the DASH score in relation to serum triglyceride (TG) concentration among the female group ( P   Interaction  = 0.046); CT-genotype carriers who were assigned to the second tertile of DASH compared with those in the first tertile had a lower TG level ( P  < 0.05). Another significant interaction was revealed between adherence to MDS score and rs174583 polymorphism on serum glucose levels ( P    Interaction   = 0.044); the lowest mean of glucose level was observed in homozygous minor subjects (TT) in the third tertile of MDS, in comparison with other tertiles of this dietary index ( P  < 0.05). There was a similar significant interaction between DASH and rs174583 in relation to diastolic blood pressure ( P   Interaction  = 0.038) among the male group. Additionally, a significant positive association was found between TT genotype and odds of having high TG both in the crude (OR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.02–10.14) and adjusted (OR, 3.58; 95% CI, 1.07–11.97) models, taking into account different confounders.   Conclusion:  Adherence to the dietary quality indicators (DASH and MDS) modified the relationship between FADS2 rs174583 polymorphism and cardio-metabolic risk factors in obese subjects. Prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm the results of our study.

frontiers in nutrition

The Interaction Between Fatty Acid Desaturase-2 (FADS2) rs174583 Genetic Variant and Dietary Quality Indices (DASH and MDS) Constructs Different Metabolic Phenotypes Among Obese Individuals