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Purpose:  To examine the dietary patterns and their associations with the FTO and FGF21 gene variants among Emirati adults.   Methods:  Using a cross-sectional design, healthy adult male and female Emiratis ( n  = 194) were recruited from primary health care centers in Sharjah, UAE. Participants completed a 61-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. In addition, a saliva sample was obtained for the genetic analysis. Genotyping was performed for  FTOrs9939609(A > T), FTOrs9930506(A > G), FGF21 rs838133 (A  >  G) , and  FGF21 rs838145 (A  >  G) . Dietary patterns were derived using the principal component analysis. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association of dietary patterns with genetic variants.   Results:  Three dietary patterns were identified: “Western”: consisting of fast food, sweets, and processed meat; “Traditional Emirati” rich in vegetables, traditional Emirati-mixed-dishes and whole dairy; while whole grains, low-fat dairy, and bulgur were components of the “Prudent” pattern. Subjects carrying the A allele of the  FTO rs9939609  were 2.41 times more likely to adhere to the Western pattern compared to subjects with genotype TT (OR:2.41; 95%CI:1.05–5.50). Compared with subjects with A/A, those carrying the G allele of the  FTO rs9930506  were more likely to follow a Western diet (OR: 2.19; 95%CI: 1.00–4.97). Participants carrying the risk allele (A) of the  FGF21 rs838133  were twice more likely to adhere to the Traditional pattern as compared to subjects with genotype GG (OR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.01–3.57).   Conclusions:  The findings of this study suggested associations among specific  FTO  and  FGF21  gene variants with dietary patterns among Emirati adults. These findings could be used to inform evidence-based targeted nutrition preventive recommendations, especially those aiming to limit intake of western type foods.

Dietary Patterns and Their Associations With the FTO and FGF21 Gene Variants Among Emirati Adults